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Josselyn, Freeman Marshall (1866-1916) New!
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Freeman Marshall Josselyn nació en Pembroke (Massachusetts, Estados Unidos) en 1866. Tras cursar estudios de filología clásica en la Universidad de Boston, donde se graduó en 1898, obtuvo la beca Jacob Sleeper Fellow para realizar estudios superiores de lenguas románicas en París, donde se integró en el círculo del abad Jean-Pierre Rousselot, pionero de la fonética experimental. Bajo su dirección se doctoró en la Université de Paris en 1900 con la tesis Étude sur la phonétique italienne, lo que le valió ser nombrado Maître de phonétique del Institut Catholique de París.
A su regreso a Estados Unidos, ejerció como profesor de Lenguas Románicas en la Universidad de Boston entre 1901 y 1907. En este periodo publicó su mayor contribución al hispanismo: los Études de phonétique espagnole (1907). Frente a la tradición auditiva e impresionista de finales del siglo XIX, Josselyn operó una profunda renovación metodológica al aplicar al español, de manera sistemática, el instrumental de la escuela de Rousselot —como el quimógrafo y los paladares artificiales—. Su estudio, basado en las mediciones físicas de siete informantes nativos, sustituyó la intuición por el dato material, suscitando el interés por su obra de fonetistas como Gonçalves Vianna y M. A. Colton.
En 1907 renunció a su cátedra y se retiró a Europa (Florencia y Múnich), donde se consagró a la traducción y exégesis de la obra de Dante Alighieri. Falleció de forma prematura en Boston en 1916. En perspectiva historiográfica, su producción se erige en el eslabón crítico y en el puente técnico imprescindible entre las descripciones iniciales de Fernando Araujo (1894) y la madurez descriptiva de Tomás Navarro Tomás (1918).
Obra
- Étude sur la phonétique italienne, Tesis doctoral, Université de Paris, París, 1900.
- Études de phonétique espagnole, H. Welter, París, 1907.
- Études expérimentales de phonétique italienne, Publications de La Parole, Institut de laryngologie et orthophonie, París, 1901.
Bibliografía
- Boston University, Boston University year book: Catalogue (ed. de The University Council), 26, Boston, 1899.
- Boston University, Bostonia: The Boston University alumni magazine, 17-18, Boston, 1916.
- Perea Siller, Francisco Javier, La obra lingüística de Fernando Araujo y Gómez (1857-1914): Orígenes del lenguaje, fonética y enseñanza de idiomas, Peter Lang Verlag, Berlín, 2026.
- Poch, Dolors, «La constitución de una disciplina científica: La fonética del español de Fernando Araujo (1894) a Tomás Navarro Tomás (1918)», en José María García Martín (dir.), Teresa Bastardín Candón y Mariano Rivas Zancarrón (coords.), Actas del IX Congreso Internacional de Historia de la Lengua Española, 1, Iberoamericana-Vervuert, Madrid-Fráncfort, 2015, págs. 537-550.
- University of Chicago, The American University Magazine, 4, Chicago, 1896.
María de la Sierra Soldado Jiménez
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